Because of differences in body composition and chemistry, males and females are affected differently by alcohol, and when equal weight drink equal amounts, the alcohol concentration level will be higher in the woman than in the man. Which option is correct?

• A. Only statement A is correct
• B. Only statement B is correct
• C. Both A and B are correct
• D. Neither A nor B is correct

Answer: (C)

Sex differences in how alcohol is absorbed and processed explain why equal amounts of alcohol produce a higher concentration in women of the same weight. Women generally have more body fat and less total body water than men, so the same amount of alcohol is distributed in a smaller volume, leading to a higher blood alcohol concentration. They also tend to have lower gastric alcohol dehydrogenase activity, meaning more alcohol enters the bloodstream instead of being metabolized in the stomach. With both factors at play, the statement that these sex-based differences cause higher alcohol concentration in women is accurate, making the option that reflects both common explanations the best choice. The other possibilities would miss one of these contributing factors.