Which of the following best describes the defensive scanning pattern a driver should use most of the time?

• A. Keep your eyes on the vehicle directly in front and ignore other hazards.
• B. Look well ahead (12–15 seconds), check mirrors every 5–8 seconds, and scan sides and intersections for hidden hazards.
• C. Look ahead only 2-3 seconds and ignore mirrors.
• D. Glance at the dashboard while driving and keep eyes off the road.

Answer: (B)

Defensive scanning means building a continuous, broad view of your environment so hazards are seen early. The best pattern combines looking far ahead, checking mirrors regularly, and scanning to the sides and intersections for hidden hazards. Looking 12–15 seconds ahead gives you time to slow gradually, plan moves, and avoid sudden braking. Checking mirrors every 5–8 seconds keeps you aware of vehicles behind or beside you, helping you spot tailgaters or fast-approaching cars. Scanning the sides and intersections helps you see things that aren’t in your direct line of sight, like vehicles turning across your path, pedestrians about to step into a crosswalk, or bikes entering your lane.

Other patterns miss important parts of awareness. Focusing only on the vehicle in front can blind you to hazards outside that immediate view. Looking only a few seconds ahead leaves little time to react and plan. Ignoring mirrors means you won’t notice traffic behind you that can affect your decisions. Glancing at the dashboard keeps your eyes off the road entirely.